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| Location |
West Central Maharashtra |
| Originally Called As |
Khadke (Big rock) |
| Founded By |
Malik Ambar |
| Best Time To Visit |
October And March |
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Aurangabad is a historical
city located in the west central part of Maharashtra
State, on the banks of Kham River. Aurangabad
is located 630m above sea level and is also the district
headquarters of Aurangabad district.
The Sahyadri (Western Ghat) Mountains dominate its
physiography. This is the largest city in the Northern
Maharashtra region extending over an area of 158.9-sq-kms.
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| History |
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The city,
originally called Khadke, or "Big Rock", was
founded in the early 16th century by Malik Amber, an
ex-Abhyssinian slave and prime minister of the independent
Muslim kingdom of the Nizam Shahis, based at Ahmadnagar,
112-km southwest. It was a perfect spot for a provincial
capital: on the banks of the River Khan, in a broad
valley separating the then-forested Sahyadri Range to
the north form the Satharas to the south, and at a cross
roads of the regions key trade routes, Many of the mosques
and places erected by Malik Amber still endure, albeit
in ruins.
In 1629, Shah Jahan's
redoubtable army swept south across the Deccan to usher
in Mughal rule. As Fatehnagar, Aurangabad
became the centre of operations for their protracted
military campaign. It really rose to prominence, how
ever towards the end of the 17th century, when Aurangazeb
decamped here from Delhi to supervise the subjugation
of his troublesome enemies in the region.
At his behest, the
impressive city walls and hates were raised in 1682
to withstand the persistent Maratha attacks that bedeviled
his later years. Following his death in 1707, the city
was renamed in his honour as it changed hands once again.
The new rulers, the Nizam of Hyderabad, somehow staved
off the Marathas for the greater part of 250 years,
until the city finally merged with Maharashtra in 1956.
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| Culture |
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Aurangabad
district has always been a prominent region on the Deccan
plateau and has a long artistic and cultural history,
to which several dynasties have made major contributions
over the years. The cuisine of Auguranbad has been highly
influenced by the North Indian method of cooking, as
a result of the long Mughal rule in the region. It has
retained much of its Islamic feel, although in the present
day both Hindu and Muslim population lives in perfect
harmony. Principal languages spoken over here are Marathi,
Urdu, Hindi and English. |
| PLACES OF VISIT |
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Aurangabad
Caves
Aurangabad caves are located outside
the city of Aurangabad just few kilometers
away from the famous monument Bibi Ka Maqbara. These
caves were excavated between the 2nd and 6th century
AD. These caves are carved out of the hillside and are
a fine piece of architecture, housing the most stunningly
intricate carvings. In total there are twelve caves,
a major chunk of which are Viharas, of which Caves 3
and 7, are the most fascinating ones. Caves 1 to 5 are
in the western group and caves 6 to 10 are about 1-km
away in the eastern group. One can see that Tantric
influences discerned in their architecture and iconography
of the caves.
Bibi-Ka-Maqbara
Bibi Ka Maqbara, situated 5-km from the Aurangabad
city was built in 1678 by Aurangzeb's son Prince Azam
Shah, in memory of his mother Begum Rabia Durani. It
is considered as a fine piece of Mughal architecture
in the Deccan region. It is also known as "The
Taj of south India". This mausoleum is a replica
of the famous Taj Mahal. Though the layout and surrounding
of the tomb is very much similar to that of Taj but
some how the architecture fails to produce the magic
of Taj. When its delicacy of work etc. is compared,
it falls far short of the glory of the Taj at Agra.
Hence, it is considered to be a poor imitation of Taj
Mahal in Agra.
Bani Begum Gardens
They lie just 24-kms from Aurangabad,
the centre of which houses the tomb of Bani Begum set
amidst the tranquil gardens. She was the wife of one
of Aurangzeb's son. One can come across fluted pillars;
massive domes and fountains that are built in different
styles.
Daulatabad
Once known as "Devgiri", this magnificent
12th century fortress stands atop a hill, 13-km from
Aurangabad, and is one of the few impregnable
forts in Maharashtra with a fine architecture. Rising
dramatically over 600 ft above the Deccan plain, this
fort served as the head quarters of the powerful Yadava
rulers. In the 13th century, Mohammed Bin Tughluq, the
Sultan of Delhi made it his capital and renamed it Daulatabad,
or City of Fortune.
Pan Chakki
Dargah of Baba Shah Muzaffar is located on the left
bank of the River Kham, near Begampura Bridge, with
a mosque, a modest tomb and ornamental gardens. It has
an unusual watermill known as "the Pan Chakki",
built by Malik Ambar in 1695. The water, channelled
from a spring on a distant hill was used to power the
flourmill and grind grain for the pilgrims. |
| EXCURSIONS |
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Ghrishneshwar
Temple
Ghrishneshwar Temple is an important Shivate temple
located 30-km away from Aurangabad,
just half a kilometre from the Ellora Caves. There are
twelve shrines in India, which holds the magnificent
'Jyotirlingas'. Ghrishneshwar Temple is one among the
twelve Jyotirlingas in the country. There are various
versions of the name itself, such as "Kusumeswara
Jyotirlinga", "Grushmeswara Jyotirlinga"
and "Grishneswara Jyotirlinga". Worshippers
of Shiva flock this temple every year to pay homage
to the deity
Pitalkhora Caves
Pitalkhora Caves are located about 40-km northwest of
Ellora near Aurangabad. The caves dating
from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD are cut
into the side of a secluded ravine. Comprising mainly
viharas, which form the largest group of 'Hinayana'
Buddhist structures. The story of 'Pitalkhora' is shrouded,
but the site has yielded many unusual sculptures, including
wonderful 'Yaksha' figures.
Khuldabad
Khuldabad, or the Abode of Eternity, is a walled town
just 3-km from Ellora. It is a holy shrine for the Muslims
and contains the tomb of the last Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb.
The dargah, or tomb of Moinuddin Chishti, the spiritual
guide of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, is within this
sacred complex.
Ajanta
The state of Maharashtra is home to the charming Ajanta
and Ellora group of caves. The city of Aurangabad
shot to fame as the world's most famous caves, Ajanta
and Ellora are situated about 108-kms northeast of Aurangabad.
These caves lie deep within the Sahyadri hills, cut
into the curved mountainside, above the Waghora River.
They constitute one of the most beautiful expressions
of the art of the Indian Middle Ages, and are designated
as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Paithan
Paithan, an ancient city and pilgrimage centre situated
on the banks of the river Godavari, 51 kms south of
Aurangabad. Paithan caves are situated
56-km south of Aurangabad on the banks
of the river Godavari. The modern village of Paithan
was built on top of a large settlement of mound that
extends back to early history and perhaps prehistory.
It was previously known as "Pratisthan" and
was the ancient capital city of the Satvahanas from
2nd Century BC. Located deep in the Daroq Mountains,
Paithan caves are not often visited by nightmare adventurers
because of its tradition of death. Today, it is also
an important excavation site. Centuries ago, the famous
Marathi poet - saint, Eknath lived here.
Ellora
Impressive in their own right, the rock-hewn temples
and monasteries of Ellora are just 30-km away from Aurangabad.
Among the 30-odd shrines at Ellora, the Kailash temple
is the most remarkable. Chiselled by hand from a single
massive rock, it includes a gateway, courtyard, vestibule
and tower. |
| HOW TO GET THERE |
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Air:
Aurangabad airport is 10-kms away
from the city. Various airlines operate Daily flights
from Aurangabad to Bombay. One can
also catch a flight daily to Delhi from here, calling
at Udaipur, and Jaipur.
Rail:
Trains to and from Aurangabad are
very limited, as the city is not on the main line.
Aurangabad is a section on the Manmad
- Kachiguda line on South Central Railway. Now a direct
train service operates between Bombay and Aurangabad.
The two most useful services to Bombay are the Devagiri
Express and the Tapovan Express. Otherwise, trains
serve the nearest mainline station, at Jalgaon (108-km
north of Aurangabad) to Delhi, Agra,
Bhopal, Calcutta and Madras.
Road:
Both the State Transport Corporation (MSRTC) and MTDC
(Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation) run
good number of night-buses to Bombay. State services
are available from Bombay, Pune, Ahmednagar, Jalgaon,
Shirdi, Nasik and Dhule to Aurangabad,
and from Jalgaon to Ajanta.
Local Transport:
Taxis and Auto rickshaws are the convenient mode of
local transport. Cars (with or without drivers) can
be rented through the tourist offices, or travel agents.
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